The lubrication function of metal cutting fluid in the cutting process can reduce the friction between the rake face and the chip, and between the flank and the machined surface, forming a part of lubricating film, thus reducing the cutting force, friction and power consumption, reducing the surface temperature and tool wear of the friction part between the tool and the workpiece blank, and improving the cutting performance of deep hole machining workpiece materials . In the grinding process, after adding grinding fluid, the grinding fluid seeps into the grinding wheel grain workpiece and grain debris to form a lubricating film, which reduces the friction between the interfaces, prevents the abrasive cutting edge from wearing and adhering to the chips, thus reducing the grinding force and friction heat, and improving the durability of the grinding wheel and the surface quality of the workpiece.
Cooling effect
The cooling effect of cutting fluid is to take the cutting heat away from the cutting tool and workpiece through the convection and vaporization between the cutting fluid and the heated cutting tool (or grinding wheel), chip and workpiece, so as to effectively reduce the cutting temperature, reduce the thermal deformation of the workpiece and cutter, maintain the hardness of the cutter, and improve the machining accuracy and the durability of the cutter. The cooling performance of cutting fluid is related to its thermal conductivity, specific heat, heat of vaporization and viscosity (or fluidity). The thermal conductivity and specific heat of water are higher than that of oil, so the cooling performance of water is better than that of oil.
Cleaning effect
Deep hole machining in the process of metal cutting, cutting fluid is required to have a good cleaning effect. Remove the generated chips, grinding chips, iron powder, oil and sand particles, prevent the contamination of machine tool, workpiece and cutter, keep the cutting edge of cutter or grinding wheel sharp, and do not affect the cutting effect. For oil-based cutting oil, the lower the viscosity, the stronger the cleaning ability. Especially for cutting oil containing kerosene, diesel and other light components, the better the permeability and cleaning performance. The water-based cutting fluid containing surfactant has better cleaning effect, because it can form an adsorption film on the surface, prevent particles and oil sludge from adhering to the workpiece, cutter and grinding wheel. At the same time, it can penetrate into the interface where particles and oil sludge adhere, separate it from the interface, take it away with the cutting fluid, and keep the cutting fluid clean.
Antirust effect
In the process of metal cutting, the workpiece will be corroded by contacting with corrosive media such as environment media and oil sludge produced by decomposition or oxidation of cutting fluid components, and the surface of machine tool parts in contact with cutting fluid will also be corroded. In addition, when the workpiece is temporarily stored after processing or in the process of circulation between processes, the cutting fluid is also required to have a certain anti rust ability, so as to prevent corrosive substances such as environmental media and oil sludge in the residual cutting fluid from eroding the metal.
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