The so-called five axis machining here means that there are at least five coordinate axes (three linear coordinates and two rotation coordinates) on a machine tool, and the machining can be carried out simultaneously under the control of computer numerical control (CNC) system. Compared with the general three axis NC machining, this kind of five axis CNC machining has the following advantages:
1、 It can process continuous and smooth free-form surface which can not be machined by general three-axis or it is difficult to finish machining by clamping at one time. For example, the blades of aeroengine and steam turbine, the screw propeller used in naval ships, and many shells and moulds with special curved surfaces, complex cavities and holes, etc. for example, with the ordinary three-axis numerical control, because the pose angle of the cutter relative to the workpiece cannot be changed in the process of machining, there may be interference or under machining (that is, the machining can not be achieved) when machining some complex free-form surfaces. When machining with five axis linkage machine tool, the tool / workpiece pose angle can be adjusted at any time in the process of processing, so that the interference of tool and workpiece can be avoided and all machining can be completed at one time;
2、 It can improve the machining accuracy, quality and efficiency of free-form surface. For example, ball end milling cutter is often used when machining complex curved surface by three-axis machine tool. Ball end milling cutter is formed by point contact, and the cutting efficiency is low. Moreover, the pose angle of cutter / workpiece cannot be adjusted in the process of machining. Generally, it is difficult to ensure that the best cutting point on the ball end milling cutter (i.e. the highest linear speed point on the ball head) is used for cutting, and it is possible that the cutting point falls on the ball end cutter, and the line speed of the ball end cutter is equal to The situation on the center line of rotation of zero. However, if the five axis machine tool is used, because the position and attitude angle of the tool / workpiece can be adjusted at any time, this situation can not only be avoided, but also the best cutting point of the tool can be made full use of at all times, or the ball end milling cutter formed by point contact can be replaced by the spiral end milling cutter formed by point contact, and even milling can be carried out by further optimizing the pose angle of the cutter / workpiece In order to obtain higher cutting speed and line width, higher cutting efficiency and better surface quality can be obtained.
3、 Advantages of mold processing. In the traditional mold processing, the vertical machining center is generally used to complete the milling of the workpiece. With the continuous development of mold manufacturing technology, some weaknesses of the vertical machining center become more and more obvious. Ball end milling cutter is widely used in modern mold processing. The advantages of ball end milling cutter in mold processing are obvious. However, if the vertical machining center is used, the linear speed of the bottom surface is zero, so the bottom surface finish is very poor. If the four or five axis linkage machine tool processing technology is used to process the mold, the above shortcomings can be overcome. The use of five axis machine tool processing mold can quickly complete the mold processing, fast delivery, better guarantee the mold processing quality, make the mold processing easier, and make the mold modification easier
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