General principles of tool path:
Roughing: under the maximum load of the machine tool, in most cases, the tool should be as large as possible, the feed should be as large as possible, and the feed should be as fast as possible. In the case of the same tool, the feed is inversely proportional to the feed. Generally, the load of the machine tool is not a problem. The principle of tool selection mainly depends on whether the two-dimensional angle and three-dimensional arc of the product are too small. After selecting the tool, the length of the tool will be determined. The principle is that the length of the tool is greater than the processing depth, and the interference of the chuck should be considered for large workpieces.
Light knife: the purpose of light knife is to meet the processing requirements of workpiece surface finish and appropriate allowance. Similarly, the light knife should be as large as possible and as fast as possible, because it takes a long time to finish the knife, and the most appropriate feed and feed should be used. Under the same feed, the larger the transverse feed, the faster it will be. The surface feed is related to the finish after machining, and the feed size is related to the surface shape of the surface. In the case of not damaging the surface, the minimum allowance, the maximum tool, the fastest speed and proper feed should be left.
Clamping method:
- All clamps are long horizontally and short vertically.
- Vise clamping: the clamping height should not be less than 10 mm, and the clamping height and processing height must be specified when processing the workpiece. The machining height should be about 5mm higher than the plane of the vise, so as to ensure the firmness and not damage the vise. The clamping height is also related to the size of the workpiece. The larger the workpiece is, the higher the clamping height will be.
- Splint clamping: the splint is fixed on the worktable with a code, and the workpiece is locked on the splint with a screw. This kind of clamping is suitable for the workpiece with insufficient clamping height and large processing force. Generally, the effect is better for medium and large workpieces.
- Clamping with iron Code: when the workpiece is large, the clamping height is not enough, and it is not allowed to lock the wire at the bottom, the clamping with iron code is used. This kind of clamping needs second clamping, first code the four corners and process other parts, then code the four sides and process the four corners. During the second clamping, do not let the workpiece loose, first code and then loosen. You can also code two sides first and process the other two sides.
- Tool clamping: the clamping length shall not be less than 30mm when the diameter is more than 10mm; the clamping length shall not be less than 20mm when the diameter is less than 10mm. The clamping of the cutting tool should be firm, and the tool collision and direct insertion into the workpiece should be strictly prevented.
Classification and application scope of cutting tools:
(1) By material:
White steel knife: easy to wear, used for roughening copper and small steel.
Tungsten steel knife: used for angle cleaning (especially steel material) and light knife.
Alloy knife: similar to tungsten steel knife.
Purple knife; used for high speed cutting, not easy to wear.
(2) According to the cutter head:
Flat bottom knife: used for plane and straight side to clear plane angle.
Ball knife: used for all kinds of surface medium light and light knife.
Ox nose knife (one side, two sides and five sides): used for roughening steel (r0.8, r0.3, r0.5, r0.4).
Rough leather knife: used to cut rough, pay attention to the remaining method (0.3).
(3) By arbor:
Straight bar knife: straight bar knife is suitable for various occasions.
Inclined bar knife: but it is not suitable for straight face and face whose slope is less than the inclination of the bar.
(4) Blade points:
The more the number of blades, the better the effect, but the more the work, the more the speed and feed are adjusted, the more the number of blades and the longer the service life.
(5) The difference between ball knife and flying knife is as follows:
Ball knife: when concave ruler is smaller than ball ruler and plane ruler is smaller than ball R, the light can’t reach (clear the bottom angle).
Flying knife: the advantage is that it can clear the bottom corner. Comparison of the same parameters: v = R * ω, the speed is much faster (flying knife), the light is bright when the force is big, flying knife is mostly used for contour shape, sometimes flying knife doesn’t need middle light. The disadvantage is that the concave size and the plane ruler are less than the diameter of the flying knife.
ken.tang@chengcg.com
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