Lubrication
The lubrication function of metal cutting fluid (cutting fluid) in the cutting process can reduce the friction between the front cutter face and the chip, and between the back cutter face and the machined surface, forming part of the lubricating film, so as to reduce the cutting force, friction and power consumption, reduce the surface temperature and tool wear of the friction part between the cutter and the workpiece blank, and improve the cutting performance of the workpiece material for deep hole machining 。 In the process of grinding, after adding grinding fluid, the grinding fluid infiltrates into the abrasive grains of the grinding wheel, the workpiece and the abrasive grains to form a lubricating film, which reduces the friction between the interfaces, prevents the abrasive cutting edge from wearing and adhering to the chips, thus reducing the grinding force and friction heat, and improves the durability of the grinding wheel and the surface quality of the workpiece.
Cooling action
The cooling function of cutting fluid is to take the cutting heat away from the cutter and workpiece through the convection and vaporization between it and the cutter (or grinding wheel), chip and workpiece, so as to effectively reduce the cutting temperature, reduce the thermal deformation of workpiece and cutter, maintain the hardness of cutter, and improve the machining accuracy and tool durability. The cooling performance of cutting fluid is related to its thermal conductivity, specific heat, heat of vaporization and viscosity (or fluidity). The thermal conductivity and specific heat of water are higher than that of oil, so the cooling performance of water is better than that of oil.
Cleaning function
Deep hole machining in the metal cutting process, the cutting fluid is required to have a good role in cleaning. Remove the generated chips, grinding chips, iron powder, oil and sand particles, prevent the contamination of the machine tool, workpiece and cutter, keep the cutting edge of the cutter or grinding wheel sharp and do not affect the cutting effect. For oil-based cutting oil, the lower the viscosity, the stronger the cleaning ability, especially for cutting oil containing kerosene, diesel oil and other light components, the better the permeability and cleaning performance. The water-based cutting fluid containing surfactant has a good cleaning effect because it can form an adsorption film on the surface, prevent particles and sludge from adhering to the workpiece, cutter and grinding wheel, at the same time, it can penetrate into the interface of particles and sludge, separate it from the interface, take it away with the cutting fluid, and keep the cutting fluid clean.
Antirust effect
In the process of metal cutting, the workpiece should be corroded by contacting with corrosive media such as environmental media and oil mud produced by decomposition or oxidation of cutting fluid components, and the surface of machine tool parts contacting with cutting fluid will also be corroded. In addition, when the workpiece is temporarily stored after processing or in the process of flow between processes, the cutting fluid is also required to have a certain anti rust ability to prevent corrosive substances such as environmental medium and oil mud in the residual cutting fluid from eroding the metal. Especially in the wet and rainy seasons in the south of China, more attention should be paid to the rust prevention measures between processes.
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