News

Factors affecting turning roundness and accuracy of diamond cutting tools

t is a new technology developed in 60s by using the sharp natural diamond knife to turn the soft metals such as aluminum alloy and copper alloy to get the optical mirror. It has been a new technology in 60s, and has been in history for nearly thirty years.

At the beginning, it was mainly used in advanced technology such as aerospace electronics. The mid 70s has become one of the main means of processing optical parts. High reflectivity can be obtained by cutting optical metal mirrors with diamond knives. With the advent of computer numerical control (CNC) ultra precision lathe in recent years, the contour processing of aspheric surfaces is better solved.

Then, what are the factors that affect the roundness and surface accuracy of optical lens in turning?
Undefined

1. Factors affecting the roundness of the lens
There are two main factors that affect the roundness of the lens, one is the rotary error of the spindle, and the other is the deformation of the clamping part of the. The rotation error of the spindle will be directly transmitted to the lens. Only by improving the rotation accuracy of the spindle can the roundness error of the lens be reduced. Improving the roundness of the spindle of the original machine tool and the verticality of the journal and the shoulder of the thrust table is an effective way to improve the rotation accuracy of the spindle. The accuracy of the measurement is the key to the perpendicularity of the journal and the thrust shoulder. In the actual work, the axis and the axis of the shaft are used as the measuring datum, which not only has enough precision but also the detection state is the same as the use state. The unity of the three benchmarks.

The error of the clamping of the workpiece is the error source of the processing lens. There are two requirements for the installation of high-precision optical lens. The first is that the clamping fixture can not cause or cause deformation of the workpiece. Second, it is easy to disassemble the card. The use of any card loading method will cause local stress on the lens, but it should be reduced as far as possible.

2. Factors affecting the accuracy of lens surface shape
In some countries, some countries use a closed loop numerical control system with the ability of micro time resolution to control the trajectory of the tool, and the surface shape accuracy can reach 2~0.5 microns.

According to the previous processing experience, it is necessary to improve the precision of measuring the taper of the lens first, and then improve the precision of the copying plate, and then improve the precision and stiffness of the hydrostatic guide.

3. Influence of hot deformation of machine tool and workpiece on machining precision
The thermal deformation is mainly caused by thermal expansion and thermal stress, and it occupies a large proportion in the machining error. Even for a small part, the temperature variation of one degree centigrade can cause unacceptable error.

In order to control the temperature rise of the machine tool, the two oil tanks of the machine tool are separated from the machine tool bed, and the machine tool is turned into a stable state for more than two hours before machining. In the process of processing, the local heat source is eliminated, the machine tool light is closed at any time, and the operator pays attention away from the machine tool after the knife, and the internal oil of the part is taken. The bath method reduces the thermal distortion of the lens. The machine tool works in the constant temperature room.

The aspheric mirror that is superfined and turned off by a diamond knife needs polishing and polishing the surface of the parts to further improve the accuracy and smoothness of the surface.

epilogue
It is necessary to use advanced diamond tools to turn over optical parts. The spindle bearing of machine tool usually adopts hydrostatic bearing with liquid or gas, the rotary precision is 0.05~0.025 micron, and all of them have enough stiffness and good repeatability. Besides, machine tools require higher level in vibration control, temperature control, servo performance and positioning accuracy. The preparation of diamond tools, the selection of process parameters, the stress free loading of workpiece and the selection of tools should be carefully prepared and implemented.

How to improve the sealing performance of powder metallurgy parts

How to improve the sealing performance of powder metallurgy stainless steel seals? Ningbo City Haixin Xin Bang Powder Metallurgy Co., Ltd. powder metallurgy stainless steel seals production and processing.
Stainless steel is usually produced by smelting process. Because of its difficulty in cutting and machining, there are insufficient dimensions and roughness in the parts made, so there are still many technical problems in the manufacturing of stainless steel. Compared with the stainless steel produced by traditional smelting process, PM stainless steel has the advantages of close to net forming, high precision, high material utilization and uniform structure, and has been widely used in machinery, chemical industry, ship, automobile, instrument and instrument and other industries.
However, because of the pores in the powder metallurgy stainless steel, the mechanical properties, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and sealing properties of the stainless steel are greatly reduced, which seriously restricts its application. The results show that almost all properties of powder metallurgy stainless steel increase with the increase of density. Therefore, how to improve the density and reduce porosity of powder metallurgy stainless steel is the key to improve the properties of powder metallurgy stainless steel.
1. The sintering of the super solid phase line.
Conventional stainless steel sintering generally uses solid-phase sintering. However, during solid phase sintering, a large amount of pores will be left inside the stainless steel, resulting in a decrease in its density and properties. In recent years, the liquid-phase sintering of super solid phase lines has been used to make the stainless steel pre alloyed powder form liquid phase, and the liquid phase fills the pores through the flow to improve the density and properties of the sintered body. Different from ordinary liquid phase sintering, the liquid phase sintering of the super solid phase line is the sintering of the pre alloy powder, and it is always a single phase during the sintering process. The sintering temperature is between the solid phase and the liquidus. At that temperature, the grain, grain boundary and particle surface of the pre alloyed powder particles are formed into liquid phase, and the particles are realized under the action of liquid capillary force. Rearrangement, the place where the surface curvature change is larger will be dissolved first, through the liquid phase flow mass transfer, precipitation in the large particle sags or pores, to achieve the purpose of rapid transfer of material, thus making the sintered body to be compact. It is reported that the density, hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel obtained at 1400 C by supersolid phase liquid phase sintering are higher than that of solid phase sintered products at 1200 C. However, due to the high sintering temperature, excessive grain growth and overburning should be avoided.
Two. Use the appropriate additives.
Adding some low melting point alloy elements to the powder can greatly reduce the porosity by the liquid phase formed during the sintering, thus making the stainless steel meet the higher performance requirements. For example, adding 2% to 8% copper based alloys in 304 stainless steel powder, because the melting point of copper is low, the liquid phase is formed at 960 C, and the liquid phase is formed at 1000 C. When the temperature is higher than the melting point of copper, the flow of liquid makes the surface pores continuously spheroidizing and narrowing; because copper has a good wettability to the stainless steel matrix, it can be evenly distributed. On the stainless steel substrate, the porosity of the sintered body decreased significantly and the microhardness increased. When the addition amount is 8%, the density increases after sintering at 1350 7.05g/cm3.
The properties of the powder metallurgy stainless steel can be improved by adding appropriate hardening phase, especially the mechanical properties. For example, adding 1.5%~3% (volume fraction) SiC to 316L stainless steel has formed a Fe-SiC phase with low melting point due to the interaction between SiC and stainless steel matrix, which improves the density of the sintered body, and increases the hardness, wear resistance and sealing properties of the sintered body.

Selection of aluminum welding machine

Because of the low melting point of aluminum and a dense layer of high temperature resistant oxide film on the surface, it is required that the aluminum welding machine must have the function of removing the oxide film, and the melting point of aluminum is low, and the thin plate is more. It is necessary to complete the welding and not burn through the parent material. Therefore, the welding aluminum can only choose the AC and DC arc welding machine and the pulse gas protection welding machine.

A very practical UV laser marking machine

The YSJG-Z series ultraviolet laser marking machine is developed by the ultraviolet laser of 355nm. The machine uses the three order intracavity frequency doubling technology to make local irradiation of the workpiece surface to make the surface material vaporize or change color, thus exposing the deep material or causing the chemical physical change of surface material to engraved, or passing through the surface material. The light can burn off some of the material, first, the etching pattern, text and so on.
Advantages of UV laser marking machine
1) cold light source, the quality of the light speed is high, the focus spot is small, the quality of the marking is perfect, the super fine mark can be realized; the heat effect is especially small when marking, and it is more suitable for the deep processing of the material which is more sensitive to the heat effect.
2) the pulse width and the higher peak power of the UV laser and the material with higher damage threshold to the ceramic sapphire are easy to break through their damage threshold, so it is very agreed that the high polymer materials which destroy the threshold demand are very high.
3) UV laser marking machine is very suitable for micro hole drilling, suitable for drilling alumina and zirconia ceramics.
4) free maintenance, no material consumption, low cost, energy saving and energy saving.
5) integrated modular, compact size and no space.
6) marking the environmental protection, in line with the EU ROHS standard;
7) software can receive DXF, PLT, BMF, AI, JPG and other formats, and automatically generate flow code and production date, bar code, two-dimensional code.

Workshop environment suitable for machine tool work

Generally speaking, machine tools are not only placed in shady ventilated places, but also adjusted by special equipment to achieve suitable environmental conditions. First of all, talk about the problem of cooling. There are two ways to cool down: local cooling and overall cooling. Commonly used equipment is fans, air conditioners, negative pressure fans, air coolers and so on. 7126-2

The fan makes the wind by mechanical rotation to accelerate the flow of air, so as to achieve the cooling effect. The advantages are energy saving, environmental protection, simple installation and low price. The fan with cold air function can achieve better cooling effect. The disadvantage is that the cooling effect is limited, and the dust and humidity are not improved. It is difficult for a single machine to achieve the effect of large area cooling. The air conditioner is cool. Air conditioning cooling is an ideal way to cool down. Its effect is good, its functions are many, and its humidity and air quality are improved. The air conditioner can be installed locally or installed as a whole. But the cost of electricity is relatively high. The negative pressure fan can quickly discharge the hot and stuffy air gathered in the workshop to make the air circulate to achieve the effect of ventilation and natural cooling. Generally installed on walls or windows, it is suitable for the workshop with large area, many employees, and the overall air circulation in the workshop is not good, so it is suitable for overall cooling. The cooling air machine has the function of cooling, which is installed in the window by cooling the fresh air through the body to cool the outdoor air and send the cold air into the workshop. This method can increase the air freshness in the workshop and the air oxygen content in the environment, and improve the speed of the air circulation in the workshop. In addition, some cooling fans can also achieve local cooling, dust removal and range odor elimination by increasing the air supply pipeline equipment. The above cooling methods can create a good ambient temperature for machine tools. It should be noted that enterprises should choose reasonably according to the type of machine tools, such as fans and other cooling machines, which are easily affected by air flow. So how to solve the problem of humidity and air quality? The problem of humidity can often be solved with cooling down. Such as air conditioning, negative pressure and so on, can reduce the air humidity in the workshop. If there is a higher requirement for humidity, it can also install equipment other than (add) wet machine separately. In the open and ventilated environment, the machine can basically guarantee less dust, and fans, air coolers and so on can also achieve a certain effect of dust removal. However, the dust and scraps produced during processing are often difficult to eradicate by these means, so the corresponding professional equipment is also required. At present, the dust removal equipment on the market can be divided into mechanical dedusting, filter dust removal, electrostatic precipitator and washing type dust removal, as well as the solution for dust removal and purification for the whole workshop. Ordinary processing enterprises can be equipped with ready – made dust removal equipment according to their machine tool types, such as chip removal machines, dust remover and so on.

How to do the daily maintenance work of the five axis walking machine

ow more and more people in the factory shop begin to use the five axis machine, which is helpful to improve the processing and production speed of the parts. It also has a great improvement in the quality. In the process of operation of the equipment, we need to carry out the maintenance in order to prolong the service life of the walking machine, if it is not properly operated. And maintenance may lead to a series of problems.
2-TCKZ-20N-400-400

1. Keep the environment neat and tidy

Five axis walking machine in the use of the environment is required, it must be clean and dust free, air can not be too wet or too dry, especially not able to have corrosive gas, otherwise the long term will be eroded to equipment accessories, if too many impurities in the use of the use of some of the time will appear. In order to prevent the damage of the machine and prolong the running time of the equipment, we all need to keep the clean and tidy environment in the workshop, and have a clear effect on extending the time of using the equipment.

Two, keep the cleanliness of the heart machine itself

For the staff, it is necessary to keep the machine clean at all times. This is a very important part of their work. The enterprise needs to formulate rules to clean up the main parts of the machine in each handover class, including the worktable, the operation panel, etc. The knife shelf requires more emphasis on nursing, it needs to be wiped clean with soft cotton yarn, and then smeared on the clean knife shelf, which can effectively prevent the corrosion of the plate.
In addition, every week, all the equipment needs to be cleaned and cleaned, such as the cleaning and cleaning of the dust net, filter, chip and so on, and some other parts should be carried out according to the reference.

Three. Periodic examination

1, we need to conduct regular inspections of all parts of the five axis machine, including hydraulic system, lubrication system, cooling system and so on.

2, the button and switch on the machine also need regular inspection and maintenance, so that the problem can be found in the fastest time, and then eliminate the hidden danger.

3, it is necessary to check the wear and tightness of the belt regularly, the lubricating oil is not clean and free of impurities, and the rest of the parts, including the contactor, relay and so on, need to be checked.

4, the need to focus on the inspection is to walk the heart of the heat dissipation ventilation device, if no regular inspection, it is easy to appear the abnormal operation of the device, will cause a series of applause, such as the working environment of electrical components.

Four, stop the failure operation of machine tool belt

If a variety of components in the heart machine fail, they can not continue to run, especially the failure of the mechanical part. At this time, it is necessary to stop work immediately, analyze the causes of the failure, and then do the repair after the cause, and then continue to run. If there is a fault in the machine, but it will not be stopped, it will cause serious damage to the equipment.

The above is about a number of maintenance work on the five axis walking machine, the standard production of the walking machine today because it has the advantage of shortening the manufacturing process chain, can improve the efficiency of production and processing, at the same time can reduce the operation time of the workers, the produced parts have higher precision.

Did you pay attention to this detail when choosing stainless steel punching machine

Now the stainless steel punching machine is used in the engineering machinery industry very much, and the manufacturer and brand of the stainless steel punching machine are very many. For the people who do not know the industry, how to choose a suitable punching machine is also a very headache, because the manufacturers and products do not know much about how to choose and buy. The difference between the quality of the product is not clear, so we need to know more about the knowledge of the stainless steel punching machine, so that it will be easier when it is selected. Then the stainless steel punching machine manufacturers come to introduce some purchasing techniques for you, hoping to help you.
In the selection of stainless steel punching machine, some details need to be paid attention to. A small detail does not pay attention to the life of the stainless steel punching machine. The following details are easy to be ignored, that is, the grinding of the plate steel plate, and some people think that the steel plate will not have problems as long as the mold is done well. Grinding is not important, but in fact, it is not like this, if the bottom of the steel plate grinding is not smooth, it is likely to affect the life of the mold, so in the future use process is likely to have trouble.
We know that the punching machine will produce vibration in the work, this is common sense, but for the friction phenomenon caused by the loosening of the die and the lower steel plate, many people do not pay enough attention. After the loosening of the abrasive tools, some will be used to cushion the mold, but this can not solve the root problem and need to be paid enough attention.
In the selection and purchase of stainless steel punching machine, we must pay attention to the careful view of some details, more understanding of the stainless steel punching machine, choose and purchase to be more convenient, and suggest that we choose to choose some famous brands of high quality manufacturers, the quality of such products is more secure, to relieve more worries.

10 kinds of easily eliminated salesmen

1, business people who always fail to achieve their goals are easily eliminated.

The reason for not achieving the goal is not necessarily on the salesperson. However, a salesman who always fails to achieve the goal, no matter how many problems the enterprise has, will be the first to be eliminated, because the manager of the enterprise will think that the enterprise is a salesman who has too many goals like you, so the performance of the enterprise is problematic; besides, it is always finished. The goal, the enterprise can not afford you.

2. The salesman who has been complained by the dealer is easily eliminated

Most enterprises attach more importance to dealers than salesmen. Just as a salesman says that a dealer needs to be cut off, the manager of an enterprise may not be able to pay attention and consent; and when a dealer complains of a salesman, the manager of the business may not immediately put the salesman on “?” or even directly hit “X”.

3, the naked salesman is easy to be eliminated.

The “old man” who has been doing business for several years will become an old lady. Speaking on the lips, the head is right and the market is light and not practising. Before long, even the initial accumulated “three axes” could not be looked for. Such empty handed salesmen are unpopular in new and old enterprises.

4, the salesman who likes to hit the boss is easily eliminated

No matter how bad your boss is, just be your boss, at least show that he is better than you in some ways. Like to hit your boss, it means that you have not seen the strengths and advantages of the boss, but you expose your shortcomings and magnify, can you be able to “mix” under your boss? Go away quickly, you will be driven away.

5, self righteous and self-employed salesmen are easy to be eliminated.

After a small achievement, some business people begin to think great, do not act according to the company’s established strategies and plans.

Teacher Mark has 8 years’ experience in honesty and integrity. He pays attention to it. Every day he delivers the dry goods article to the original SEO ranking tutorial.
Ma micro letter: make3688 click pictures download Mark Alibaba integrity through SEO ranking home video tutorial

Undefined

6, complaining and complaining salesmen are easy to be eliminated.

When a business meeting is opened, there are always a few salesmen complaining about poor quality, high price, small promotion, less advertising, and heavy tasks. After two months, such a salesman has “gone to the side.” What companies need is the elite who can solve practical problems, rather than several “observers”.

7, the jealous and jealous of the salesman is easily eliminated

Their performance is poor, watching others’ good performance is “jealous”: fleeing goods, smashing prices, finding a few brothers, “rumor” and so on. When the truth is before us, we have to leave the example that we can learn.

8. The salesman who advocates self is easy to be eliminated

Some salesmen, after making some achievements, like to publicize themselves on the Internet or some public occasions, and attribute their achievements to their own pocket. As a result, the performance of a market is created by many departments and personnel, leaving the platform of the system support, the strength of individual business personnel is extremely limited.

9. The clerks who make the fake during the business trip are easily eliminated

Some clerks use the loopholes in business management, one is on a business trip, not a business trip and a business trip; two is on a business trip bill, and the money that is not spent becomes so much money. Once a salesperson has formed such a bad habit, it is difficult to get rid of it easily. However, “often walking by the river, where there are no wet shoes”, once discovered by business managers, they fall into the river only.

10, the unruly of private life is easily eliminated

Because of the long distance management and supervision from enterprises and family members, quite a few salesmen will become unruly in their private lives. Once the depravity, such a salesman can not be like “old cattle” ploughing the market, only in the “bar, the Great Wall, sauna, looking for a massage,” and other songs and dance, disappear

On the working principle of a tape measure

The tape measure has been working for a long time. Many customers have been asking about it. Actually, it’s very simple. The tape measure is a common measure tool in daily life. What you often see is steel tape, which is commonly used in architecture and decoration, and is also one of the essential tools for families. It is divided into a fiber tape, a tape measure, a waist scale and so on. Lu Ban Chi, Feng Shui ruler, Wen Gong ruler is also a steel tape measure. First, the principle tape can be rolled up because the tape is equipped with a spring, when pulling out the length of the measurement, it is the length of the length of the length and the spring. Once the measurement is finished, the spring in the tape will shrink automatically, and the ruler will shrink under the effect of the spring force, so the tape will roll up. Two. Feature 1. The tape is too big to fail. Why do not fail; the tape in the tape is very long, it is completely relaxed to a fully tight interval, the full length of the scale of the scale includes the length of the two, so the tape will not fail. Two, pulling a meter long and pulling two meters long, pulling force is no difference; the tape is very thin, and the amount of deformation is very small, so the reaction is very small, and the change of force can not be felt when the ruler is drawn. Three, the main type of the classification tape is the steel tape, the second is the fiber tape, which is the ruler you often see, many people say it is the cloth ruler, and the waist scale (the tailor ruler / measuring ruler belongs to this kind). In the southern and Hongkong regions of China, it is usually called tape tape or ruler. Its material is PVC plastic and glass fiber, and glass fiber can prevent stretching during the use of tape. Tape measure is usually made in English and English. It is 150 centimeters on one side and 60 inches on the other side. Inches are commonly used units of measurement abroad, and the size of TV sets and monitors is inches. And the size of the jeans, too. In China, the size of the measuring tape is commonly used in the city. One side is 150 centimeters, and the other is 45. Often say 2 feet 1, 2 feet 2 waist, is the unit of the market.

How much do you know about the input impedance of the antenna

The input impedance of the antenna is the ratio of the input voltage to the input current of the antenna feed end. The best case is that the antenna’s input impedance is the pure resistance and the characteristic impedance of the feeder. The feeder terminal has no power reflection, there is no standing wave on the feeder, and the input impedance of the antenna is relatively slow with the change of frequency. The work of antenna matching is to eliminate the reactance component in the input impedance of the antenna, so that the resistance component can approach the characteristic impedance of the feeder as close as possible. The match is generally measured by four parameters, namely, reflection coefficient, traveling wave coefficient, Bobbi and echo loss. There is a fixed numerical relationship between the four parameters, and the one is used purely out of habit. In our daily maintenance, we use more Bobbi and return loss. The input impedance of the general mobile communication antenna is 50 Omega.

Stationed in Bobbi: it is the reciprocal of the travelling wave coefficient, and its value is between 1 and infinity. Stationed at Bobbi for 1, it is perfectly matched; Bobbi’s total reflection for infinite is complete mismatch. In mobile communication systems, Bobbi is generally less than 1.5, but in practical applications, VSWR should be less than 1.2. Too large Bobbi will reduce the coverage of the base station and cause greater interference within the system, which will affect the service performance of the base station.

Return loss: it is the reciprocal of absolute value of reflection coefficient, expressed by decibel value. The return loss is between 0dB and infinity. The larger the return loss, the worse the matching. The larger the return loss, the better the match. 0 represents total reflection, infinity means complete matching. In mobile communication systems, the return loss is generally greater than 14dB.